Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century AD, leading to its Islamization Iran thereafter became a major center of Islamic culture and learning. An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BC, which was succeeded in the third century AD by the Sasanian Empire. Alexander the Great conquered the empire in the fourth century BC and it was subsequently divided into several Hellenistic states. It was first unified by the Medes in the seventh century BC and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire.

Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. Its capital and largest city is Tehran with around 16 million people in its metropolitan area. With an estimated population of around 87 million as of 2023, Iran is the world's 17th-most populous country, and the second largest country in the Middle East. It covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometers (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country only behind Libya.

It is bordered by Iraq to the west and Turkey to the northwest, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. Iran, also known as Persia and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( IRI), is a country in West Asia (Near Europe).

To this, the Air Force commander said, “Well, I must apologize, it seems I was mistaken.You may need rendering support to display the Persian text in this article correctly. Finally, the Marine sergeant stood and said, “I’ve got to head back to camp. Both men swearing their men were the bravest, and each had stories to tell to back up their claims.Īfter finishing, they headed to the clubhouse for a beer, still debating the matter. This argument lasted for the rest of the round. The Air Force commander putted out, and angrily he said, “Well, while you are hiding in the bushes, who is a clear target in the sky? Who do you call for support when you’re losing? And who is always sent in during a losing battle? Sir, the men of the Air Force are the bravest men.” “Well,” the sergeant went on, “who do you send to take new territory? Who do you send in when you’re outnumbered? Who gets the call for the most covert operations?”

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